Daudzveidbas

Daudzveidbas, also known as polymorphism in computer science, refers to the ability of an object to take on multiple forms. This concept is fundamental in object-oriented programming (OOP) and allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class while also retaining their specific class behaviors. Polymorphism enables greater flexibility and extensibility in software design by allowing different classes to be treated uniformly through a common interface.

There are two primary types of polymorphism: compile-time (static) and runtime (dynamic). Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods in the same class share the same name but differ in parameters. The compiler determines which method to call based on the arguments provided. Runtime polymorphism, on the other hand, is implemented via method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its parent class. The method called is determined at runtime based on the object's actual type.

Polymorphism is often used in conjunction with inheritance and interfaces to create more modular and maintainable code. For example, a base class might define a method like `draw()`, and derived classes (such as `Circle`, `Square`, or `Triangle`) can override this method to provide their own implementations. When a collection of shapes is processed, the same method call (`draw()`) can be invoked on each object, but the correct version of the method is executed based on the object’s type.

This principle is widely applied in frameworks, libraries, and large-scale applications to promote code reuse and reduce redundancy. Polymorphism also facilitates the design of more adaptable systems, where new classes can be introduced without altering existing code, adhering to the open/closed principle of software design.