DMF

DMF most commonly refers to N,N-dimethylformamide, a polar aprotic solvent widely used in chemical manufacturing.

Dimethylformamide is a colorless, high-boiling liquid with the formula C3H7NO (IUPAC name N,N-dimethylformamide). It is miscible with water and many organic solvents. Its boiling point is 153°C and its melting point is about −60°C; its density is approximately 0.944 g/mL at 25°C. It is valued for its strong solvating ability and relatively wide liquid-range.

Common applications include as a solvent for polymer synthesis (notably polyacrylonitrile and PVC), pharmaceutical and agrochemical production, dyeing and coatings, electrospinning, and as a component in various battery electrolytes. DMF is also used as a reaction medium for diverse organic and organometallic transformations.

DMF is produced commercially on a large scale by multiple manufacturers through several synthetic routes. These routes typically involve carbonylation or formylation steps that generate N,N-dimethylformamide from suitable precursors such as dimethylamine or formamide derivatives. The exact process varies by producer and region.

Safety and environmental considerations are central to DMF handling. It is toxic and considered a potential reproductive hazard; exposure can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure may impact liver and kidney function in animals. Regulatory frameworks address occupational exposure limits, labeling, and waste disposal. DMF is moderately persistent in the environment and can be toxic to aquatic life, so spills and releases are managed as hazardous waste.