NNdimethylformamide

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless, high-boiling, polar aprotic solvent. Its chemical formula is C3H7NO and its CAS number is 68-12-2. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents and dissolves a wide range of polymers and low- to moderate-polarity compounds.

DMF has a boiling point of about 153 °C and a flash point around 58 °C; it is flammable and should be handled away from heat and ignition sources. It is often stored in closed containers with adequate ventilation.

Production and applications: Industrially DMF is produced by carbonylation of dimethylamine with carbon monoxide and water under catalytic conditions. The solvent is widely used in polymer, pharmaceutical, and electronics industries. Major applications include dissolution and processing of polyacrylates, PVC, polyurethanes, and PVDF; synthesis and purification steps in pharmaceutical manufacturing; and use as a solvent in lithium-ion battery electrolytes and other electrochemical systems.

Safety and environmental aspects: DMF is readily absorbed through the skin and inhalation and is an irritant to eyes, skin, and the respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure has been linked to liver toxicity and developmental/reproductive effects in animal studies. Worker exposure is regulated in many jurisdictions, and appropriate engineering controls, PPE, and practices are recommended. Environmentally, DMF can contaminate water and should be disposed of as hazardous waste; spills require containment and cleanup.

Regulatory status: DMF is subject to chemical safety regulations under REACH in the European Union and similar frameworks elsewhere. Restrictions on concentration, labeling, and handling apply to industrial and consumer use, with emphasis on exposure limits and waste management.