Cynotilapia

Cynotilapia is a genus of small to medium-sized cichlids in the family Cichlidae, native to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They are part of the mbuna, a diverse assemblage of rock-dwelling cichlids known for vivid coloration and marked territorial behavior. Species in this genus inhabit rocky shorelines and crevices where they form complex social hierarchies.

The genus comprises several described species, including Cynotilapia afra and Cynotilapia zebroides, among others. Taxonomic revisions in Malawi cichlids have moved some populations between genera as researchers refine relationships based on morphology and genetics. In the aquarium trade, Cynotilapia forms are prized for color and hardiness but can be highly territorial.

Reproduction is typically maternal mouthbrooding. After fertilization, the female carries eggs and then the fry in her mouth for roughly three weeks before releasing free-swimming juveniles, which she may continue to care for for a period. Males establish and defend territories, often displaying bright coloration during breeding. Hybrids can occur in mixed tanks, which is a consideration for breeders.

In the wild, Cynotilapia feed mainly on algae and small invertebrates scraped from rocks; captive diets should reflect this variety, including high-quality cichlid pellets, supplemented with vegetable matter and occasional live or frozen foods. In aquaria, they require ample rockwork and hiding places, stable high pH and hardness, and adequate space to minimize constant aggression.

Conservation status varies by species and locality, with Lake Malawi facing pressures from sedimentation, pollution, and overfishing. Captive breeding has helped maintain many Cynotilapia strains in the hobby.