Crushvammat

Crushvammat, often translated as crush injury, is tissue damage caused by compression from a heavy object or entrapment. It can affect skin, muscle, nerves, blood vessels, and bone, and may be closed (contusion and muscle damage) or open (laceration with exposed tissue). Such injuries commonly occur in industrial accidents, vehicle crashes, cave-ins, or building collapses, and often involve prolonged compression.

In prolonged crush injury, systemic complications may develop, a condition known as crush syndrome. Damaged muscle releases potassium, myoglobin, phosphate, and other intracellular contents into the bloodstream, which can cause dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, metabolic acidosis, and potentially acute kidney injury. Rhabdomyolysis and fluid shifts can lead to swelling and, if untreated, compartment syndrome.

Clinical signs vary. Local findings include severe pain, swelling, tense tissue, pallor or cyanosis, numbness, and reduced function. Open injuries may show exposed tissue and contamination. Crush syndrome may present with dark urine due to myoglobinuria, weakness, and signs of renal impairment. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, imaging as needed, and laboratory tests such as creatine kinase, electrolytes, and kidney function.

Management emphasizes rapid and safe extrication, prompt transport, and protection of the injured area. After freeing the person, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, electrolyte monitoring, and management of hyperkalemia are priorities. Intra-compartment syndrome requires surgical fasciotomy. Open wounds may require debridement and antibiotics; tetanus prophylaxis is considered. Pain control and rehabilitation are essential.

Prevention focuses on occupational safety, proper training, use of protective equipment, and safe handling of heavy loads.