Crayware

Crayware is a term used to describe a type of earthenware pottery that was popular in England during the 17th and 18th centuries. It is characterized by its lead glaze, which gives it a yellowish-brown or green hue. Crayware was typically used for everyday domestic items such as plates, bowls, and cooking pots.

The production of crayware involved a two-stage firing process. The first firing hardened the clay, and the second firing, after the glaze had been applied, fused the glaze to the pottery. The lead glaze was relatively inexpensive and easy to apply, making crayware an affordable option for many households. However, the lead content also meant that crayware was not ideal for storing acidic foods, as the lead could leach into the food.

Variations in crayware production led to different regional styles. For example, "Toft ware," named after the potter Thomas Toft, is a distinctive type of slip-decorated crayware featuring elaborate patterns. Other decorative techniques included incising and impressing designs into the clay before glazing.

While more refined ceramics like porcelain and fine earthenware eventually surpassed crayware in popularity for tableware, it remained in use for utilitarian purposes for a considerable time. Archaeological excavations often uncover fragments of crayware, providing valuable insights into the daily lives and economic conditions of the past. Its widespread use and relatively simple production methods make it a significant category within the history of English ceramics.