Crappie

Crappie refers to two closely related species of North American freshwater fish: white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). They belong to the sunfish family Centrarchidae and are valued as sport fish.

They have laterally compressed bodies and two dorsal fins, with the first often bearing spines. White crappie typically show five to seven vertical bars along the sides, while black crappie has more irregular dark blotches or bars. Typical sizes are around 8-12 inches, with larger individuals reaching about 15-16 inches.

Crappies inhabit freshwater systems across much of the United States and southern Canada, favoring lakes, reservoirs, and slow-moving rivers with aquatic vegetation or submerged structures. Juveniles prefer shallow, sheltered areas; adults may move to deeper water during hot summer months.

They are omnivorous; juveniles feed on zooplankton, while adults consume small fish, aquatic insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Crappies commonly form schools and are most active at dawn and dusk.

Spawning occurs in spring when water temperatures reach about 60-70°F. Females lay adhesive eggs on submerged vegetation or structures, and males guard the nest until hatching, typically within several days.

Crappie are popular game fish and are widely targeted by anglers using jigs, minnows, and light tackle. In many regions management measures such as creel limits, size limits, and seasonal restrictions are used to protect populations and support recreational fishing.