Congiopodidae

Congiopodidae is a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes. Commonly known as pigfishes or XPS, these fish are characterized by their spiny bodies and often cryptic coloration, which helps them blend into their surroundings. They are primarily found in the Southern Hemisphere, with species distributed across the Indo-Pacific region, including the waters around Australia, New Zealand, and various Pacific islands.

Members of the Congiopodidae family are typically demersal, meaning they inhabit the bottom of the ocean. They are often found in rocky areas, coral reefs, and among seaweed beds, where they can ambush their prey. Their diet consists mainly of small invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks, as well as smaller fish. Congiopodids are generally slow-moving and rely on their camouflage and venomous spines for defense against predators. The venom, delivered through spines in their dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins, can cause pain and swelling in humans.

Physically, Congiopodidae are distinguished by their large heads, prominent spines, and often elongated bodies. The size of species within this family can vary, but most are relatively small to medium-sized fish. Reproduction in Congiopodidae is oviparous, with females laying eggs that are externally fertilized by males. Parental care, if any, is limited. Due to their relatively small size and habitat, they are not of significant commercial importance, though some species may be caught as bycatch in fisheries.