Cobenefits

Cobenefits refer to positive outcomes that accompany the primary objective of a policy or action. They are additional benefits that arise as a byproduct of pursuing the main goal, rather than the primary aim itself.

Cobenefits are commonly discussed in climate and public health policy. In climate and energy policy, cobenefits can include improved air quality, reduced healthcare costs, lower greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced energy security, job creation, local economic development, and better urban livability. In public health, interventions such as reducing tobacco use or promoting physical activity can also lower obesity rates and heart disease risk. In transportation and urban planning, policies that reduce emissions can also decrease traffic accidents and noise, contributing to safer and more liveable communities.

Measurement and policy analysis of cobenefits involve evaluating these secondary outcomes alongside the primary benefits. Quantifying cobenefits can be challenging due to attribution issues, long time horizons, and difficulties in monetizing certain health or social effects. Analysts often use scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, and qualitative assessments to capture the range and significance of cobenefits.

Critiques emphasize that while cobenefits can strengthen support for policies, they may be overstated or misattributed, and there is a risk of double counting. Transparent methodology and clear communication of assumptions are important to ensure cobenefits are credited appropriately.

See also: externality, co-benefits, sustainable development goals.