Cheatgrass

Cheatgrass, scientifically known as Bromus tectorum, is an annual grass native to the Mediterranean region, southwestern Eurasia, and northwestern Africa. It has been introduced to many parts of the world, including North America, Australia, and South Africa, where it is now considered a widespread invasive species. Cheatgrass typically grows in disturbed areas, such as roadsides, agricultural fields, and rangelands.

The plant is characterized by its hairy leaves and its tendency to germinate in the fall, overwinter as a small plant, and then rapidly grow and mature in the spring. This early growth gives it a competitive advantage over native perennial grasses, which often start their growth later in the season. Cheatgrass produces a large number of seeds, which are easily dispersed by wind, water, and animals.

In its native range, cheatgrass is a component of natural ecosystems and is generally not considered a problem. However, in invaded areas, it can drastically alter ecosystem processes. Its dry biomass creates a significant fire hazard, leading to more frequent and intense wildfires. These fires can then favor the further spread of cheatgrass, creating a positive feedback loop that can lead to the loss of native plant communities and habitat for wildlife. Management efforts often focus on controlling its spread through prescribed burning, grazing management, and the reintroduction of native vegetation.