CdSbased

CdS-based materials are cadmium sulfide–derived semiconductors and composites built from CdS for optoelectronic and catalytic applications. Cadmium sulfide is a II–VI semiconductor with a direct bandgap near 2.42 eV in bulk, enabling visible-light absorption and efficient generation of charge carriers. It exists mainly in wurtzite and zinc blende crystal structures, and its properties can be tuned by nanostructuring.

In nanoscale form, CdS exhibits quantum confinement, producing size-tunable optical properties. Common morphologies include quantum dots (0D), nanorods and nanowires (1D), and nanosheets (2D). Core–shell configurations such as CdS/ZnS enhance surface passivation, stability, and luminescence, while alloying with CdSe or CdTe yields intermediate bandgaps.

Synthesis methods span colloidal hot-injection, hydrothermal, and solvothermal routes, often using coordinating ligands to control growth and solubility. Surface chemistry with organic ligands determines dispersibility in solvents and compatibility with devices. Doping and alloying enable further tuning of bandgaps and electronic properties, enabling heterostructures with other semiconductors.

Applications include quantum dot–sensitized solar cells and other photovoltaic concepts, photocatalysis for water splitting and CO2 reduction, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices at the research stage. Cadmium toxicity and environmental concerns limit widespread use and drive development of protective shells and alternative materials.

Safety and regulatory considerations demand careful handling, containment, and end-of-life management for CdS-based materials.