CdSZnS

CdSZnS refers to the cadmium sulfide–zinc sulfide solid solution, a tunable II–VI semiconductor system with the general formula Cd1−xZnxS, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. By varying x, the material transitions from CdS-rich to ZnS-rich compositions, allowing gradual tuning of physical properties.

Cd1−xZnxS forms a continuous solid solution in both common crystal structures of the sulfides, the cubic zinc blende (sphalerite) and the hexagonal wurtzite. At most temperatures and compositions the two phases can coexist or transform with composition; lattice parameters interpolate between CdS and ZnS values as x varies.

Optical properties are dominated by the band gap, which widens as Zn content increases. At room temperature, CdS has a band gap around 2.4 eV, whereas ZnS has a band gap near 3.6 eV or higher depending on phase. The Cd1−xZnxS solid solution therefore covers a tunable band-gap range from the visible toward the near-ultraviolet, with photoluminescence and absorption edges shifting with composition.

Cd1−xZnxS can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including chemical bath deposition, co-precipitation, hydrothermal and solvothermal routes, and vapor-phase techniques. It forms as nanocrystals, nanowires, thin films, and bulk powders, with particle size and morphology affecting optical response.

Its tunable band gap and relatively high quantum efficiency make Cd1−xZnxS useful in optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells, as well as in photocatalysis and pigment applications. The ability to tailor absorption and emission by composition is a key feature.

Cadmium-containing materials pose environmental and health risks; handling requires appropriate safety measures and regulatory compliance, particularly for Cd-rich compositions. Zinc sulfide is less problematic but still subject to standard sulfide safety guidelines.