Cardiopatías

Cardiopatías, also known as heart diseases, encompass a broad range of conditions that affect the structure or function of the heart. These conditions can impact the heart muscle, valves, chambers, or the blood vessels that supply the heart. Common types include coronary artery disease, which involves the narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle, often leading to heart attacks. Valvular heart disease affects the heart valves, impairing their ability to open and close properly, which can disrupt blood flow. Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure present at birth. Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats, where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or erratically. Risk factors for developing cardiopatías include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Family history and age also play a role. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific condition and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and other imaging tests. Treatment strategies range from lifestyle modifications and medication to surgical procedures like angioplasty, bypass surgery, or valve repair/replacement. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing complications and improving outcomes for individuals with cardiopatías.