CVDs

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. This broad category includes conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and rheumatic heart disease. The underlying causes are often related to atherosclerosis, a process where fatty deposits build up inside arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow.

Risk factors for CVDs are varied and can be broadly categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history.

The symptoms of CVDs can differ depending on the specific condition. Common symptoms include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in the legs or arms, and pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen, or back. Strokes may present with sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking, or vision problems.

Prevention and management of CVDs heavily rely on lifestyle modifications and medical interventions. Healthy eating, regular exercise, avoiding tobacco, and maintaining a healthy weight are crucial for prevention. Medical treatments can include medications to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, as well as procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery in more severe cases. Early detection and prompt treatment are vital for improving outcomes and reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.