CNCverspaning

CNCverspaning is a category of manufacturing processes that use computer numerical control (CNC) to remove material from a workpiece to create a desired shape. It covers a range of operations such as turning, milling, drilling, boring, tapping, and grinding that are performed on CNC-equipped machines. The term is used in several languages, including Dutch, to refer to automated, program-controlled chip-removal machining.

Typical machines include CNC lathes for turning, CNC milling centers for multi-axis milling, CNC routers for softer materials, and multidisciplinary machines combining turning and milling. Tooling comprises end mills, drills, taps, indexable inserts, and grinding wheels. Tool selection and spindle speeds depend on material, feature size, and operation.

Programming uses G-code and M-code, often generated by CAM software from CAD models. Process steps include designing parts in CAD, generating toolpaths in CAM, simulating the tool motions, and posting the code to the machine. After setup and fixturing, production runs are monitored for quality and tool wear.

Materials typically machined include metals such as steel and aluminum, plastics, and composite materials. Tolerances vary with process and machine, but common ranges are in the tens of micrometers to a few tenths of a millimeter. Surface finishes are influenced by tooling, speed, feeds, and coolant use.

Advantages of CNCverspaning include high repeatability, capability to produce complex geometries, and automation potential. Limitations involve high capital and programming costs, reliance on accurate CAD/CAM data, and ongoing machine maintenance. Standards such as ISO tolerances and metrology practices guide quality control and inspection.