CMOSLogik

CMOSLogik refers to digital logic circuits implemented with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In CMOS logic, gates use paired p-type and n-type transistors to realize boolean functions, yielding high integration density and very low static power consumption. The term is common in German-language contexts as “CMOS-Logik” and encompasses basic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR), latches and flip-flops, multiplexers, decoders, and larger digital blocks used in microprocessors, memory, and peripheral controllers.

Principles and characteristics: Static CMOS gates consist of a pull-up network of PMOS transistors and a pull-down network of NMOS transistors that implement complementary logic. In stable operation, only one network conducts, so no static current flows from supply to ground. Dynamic power is the main consumption during switching and is roughly proportional to α C V^2 f, where C is gate capacitance, V is supply voltage, f is switching frequency, and α is activity factor. CMOS provides rail-to-rail outputs, high noise margins, and strong scalability across technology nodes, along with very low standby power.

Design and applications: CMOS logic underpins virtually all modern digital integrated circuits, enabling low standby power and high transistor density. As devices scale, designers manage timing, leakage, and variability through transistor sizing, body-bias techniques, and advanced layout practices. Modern CMOS processes support a range of supply voltages (often lower than 1.8 V in deep submicron nodes) and use standard cell libraries, synthesis, place-and-route, and verification flows. CMOS-logic circuits are widely used in CPUs, memory arrays, ASICs, and mixed-signal systems.