CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2CH3, commonly known as propane, is a saturated hydrocarbon belonging to the alkane series. The molecular formula indicates a three-carbon chain with 8 hydrogen atoms, giving the empirical formula C3H8. Propane is a colorless, odorless gas at standard temperature and pressure, but it is routinely liquefied under pressure for commercial use.

Structural properties of propane include a linear chain in its lowest energy conformation. Each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds: the terminal carbons bond to three hydrogens and the central carbon, while the middle carbon bonds to two hydrogens and the two terminal carbons. This arrangement gives propane a relatively high bond strength and a modest melting point of –187 °C and a boiling point of –42 °C, which enables it to be stored as a liquid at moderate pressure.

Commercially, propane is produced mainly as a byproduct of natural gas processing and crude oil refining. Extraction methods involve separating the gas mixture from other hydrocarbons, then compressing and liquefying propane for distribution. The gas is widely used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and in the automotive sector as liquefied petroleum gas. It also serves as a feedstock for the production of polymers, plastics, and various pesticides.

Safety considerations are important because propane is flammable. Proper ventilation and leak detection are required in confined spaces. The substance is regulated under hazardous materials guidelines, and training for handling and storage is typically mandated in workplaces. The environmental impact of propane is lower than that of some heavier hydrocarbons, yet its combustion releases CO2, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.