CCTVsystem

A CCTV system, or closed-circuit television system, is a network of video cameras and associated equipment designed to monitor and record activity for security and safety purposes. Used in public, commercial, and residential settings, CCTV systems aim to deter crime, improve situational awareness, and provide evidence for investigations.

A typical system includes cameras, lenses, a recording device (DVR or NVR), storage media, monitors, and a control interface. Cameras can be analogue or IP-based; analogue feeds are converted by a DVR, while IP cameras transmit video over a network to an NVR or computer server. Power over Ethernet (PoE) often powers IP cameras.

Cameras are positioned to cover entrances, corridors, cash areas, perimeters, and public spaces, considering lighting, weather, and potential blind spots. Recordings can be continuous or triggered by motion or events; many systems support remote access and playback from a client device.

Common applications include retail storefronts, offices, schools, transportation hubs, and city infrastructure. Benefits include deterrence and evidence for investigations; limitations include blind spots, tampering, data storage costs, and privacy concerns requiring appropriate retention policies and secure access controls.

Privacy and legal considerations vary by jurisdiction. Most regions require clear notification, lawful basis for monitoring, data handling safeguards, and defined retention periods. Signage, access controls, encryption, and regular audits help protect privacy and compliance.

Recent developments include higher resolution cameras, analytics such as motion, facial recognition, and people counting, and cloud-based storage and management. Ethical adoption emphasizes purpose limitation and minimizing data collection.