C2H5OH

C2H5OH, commonly known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol, is a volatile, colorless, and flammable chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H5OH. It is a primary alcohol consisting of two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one hydroxyl group (-OH). Ethanol is widely recognized for its use in alcoholic beverages, as well as in various industrial, medical, and scientific applications.

In nature and industry, ethanol is produced through fermentation processes involving yeast or bacteria that convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. It can also be synthesized synthetically via petrochemical processes, such as the hydration of ethylene.

Ethanol is characterized by its unique solvent properties, making it valuable in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and cleaning agents. It dissolves many organic compounds and is used as a sterilizing agent and disinfectant, notably in alcohol-based hand sanitizers and antiseptics.

In the context of human consumption, ethanol is the intoxicating ingredient found in alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and spirits. Its effects on the human body include central nervous system depression, altered perception, and impaired coordination, with high doses potentially leading to toxicity or death.

Ethanol has a relatively low boiling point (78.37°C or 173.1°F) and mixes well with water and other liquids. It is flammable and must be handled with care to prevent fire hazards. The chemical's properties also make it a useful fuel additive, often blended with gasoline to produce ethanol fuel or E85.

The widespread use and production of ethanol raise environmental and safety considerations, including its impact on air quality, water resources, and public health, necessitating careful regulation and management.

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