Bronkitis

Bronkitis, commonly known as bronchitis, is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. This condition results in swelling and increased mucus production, leading to respiratory symptoms. Bronchitis can be classified as acute or chronic.

Acute bronchitis typically develops following a viral respiratory infection, such as the common cold or influenza. It presents with a persistent cough, which may produce mucus, along with symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and fatigue. It usually lasts for a few weeks and generally resolves without the need for extensive treatment. Bacterial infections can occasionally cause or complicate bronchitis, necessitating antibiotics.

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition characterized by a cough with mucus production lasting at least three months in two consecutive years. It is often associated with cigarette smoking, exposure to air pollutants, or occupational irritants. Chronic bronchitis is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can lead to progressive airflow obstruction, reduced lung function, and increased risk of respiratory infections.

Diagnosis of bronchitis mainly relies on medical history, physical examination, and symptom assessment. Chest X-rays may be used to rule out pneumonia or other lung conditions, while spirometry tests assess airflow obstruction in chronic cases.

Treatment approaches depend on the type and severity of bronchitis. For acute viral bronchitis, management is typically supportive, including rest, hydration, and cough relief. Chronic bronchitis may require bronchodilators, corticosteroids, smoking cessation, and pulmonary rehabilitation to manage symptoms and prevent progression. Awareness of triggers and early management can improve quality of life and reduce complications associated with bronchitis.