Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the small airways (bronchioles) in children, most often occurring under two years of age. It is characterized by an initial phase of upper respiratory symptoms, followed by lower airway obstruction with cough, wheeze, and increased work of breathing.
The illness is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but other viruses such as rhinovirus,
Bronchiolitis typically presents with coughing and respiratory distress over several days. Infants may have fever, nasal
Diagnosis is usually clinical based on history and exam; pulse oximetry is commonly used to assess oxygenation.
Management is mainly supportive. Most cases are treated at home with adequate fluids and nasal suctioning.
Prevention focuses on hygiene and general infection-control measures; annual influenza vaccination for eligible children and caregivers
Most children recover within one to two weeks, though some may experience recurrent wheeze later in childhood.