Brandschutzklassifizierungen

Brandschutzklappe, commonly translated as a fire damper, is a device installed in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ductwork to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between building compartments. It consists of a fire-resistant frame housing a blade or curtain that can close automatically when exposed to heat, thereby sealing the duct system and maintaining compartmental integrity during a fire.

Operation and components: A typical Brandschutzklappe includes a fire-resistant blade, a frame, and a triggering mechanism such as a fusible link, a heat detector, or a fire alarm signal. In normal operation the damper remains open for airflow; upon heat exposure, the fusible element melts or an actuator is triggered, causing the blade to close and seal the duct. Some designs include motorized actuation for controlled closure and for smoke control sequences. Regular manual tests and automation checks are part of maintenance.

Applications and installation: Fire dampers are placed at points where ductwork penetrates fire-resistive barriers, such as walls, floors, or shaft enclosures. They are used in commercial, residential, and institutional buildings to limit fire and smoke propagation through HVAC networks. Installation must ensure accessibility for inspection, proper alignment with airflow, and adherence to local fire-resistance ratings and building codes. The choice of rating depends on the fire compartment requirements and duct size.

Standards and maintenance: Fire dampers are tested to recognized standards (for example, European and North American norms) and are often CE-marked or UL-listed where applicable. Routine maintenance includes visual inspection, functional testing, cleaning, and replacement of damaged components. After any fire event, dampers should be re-inspected and replaced if the sealing function is compromised.

The Brandschutzklappe thus plays a key role in building fire safety by limiting fire and smoke spread via duct systems.