Botrychium

Botrychium is a genus of ferns commonly known as moonworts or grape ferns. These plants are characterized by their unique frond structure, which is typically divided into two distinct parts: a sterile, leaf-like blade and a fertile, spore-producing stalk. This dimorphic frond is a defining feature of the genus.

Moonworts are found in a variety of habitats worldwide, often in cool, moist environments such as forests, meadows, and sometimes even alpine regions. They are distributed across temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere, with some species extending into the Southern Hemisphere.

Reproduction in Botrychium involves spores, which are produced in sporangia clustered on the fertile portion of the frond. Like many ferns, they have a complex life cycle involving an alternation of generations, with a small, independent gametophyte stage.

The genus Botrychium belongs to the family Ophioglossaceae, which also includes the genus Ophioglossum (adder's-tongue ferns). While closely related, Botrychium species are generally distinguished by their more highly divided fertile stalks. The taxonomy of Botrychium has been subject to considerable revision, with some classifications recognizing a single, broadly defined genus, while others divide it into multiple smaller genera. Conservation concerns exist for some species due to habitat loss and their specific environmental requirements.