Bordnetze

Bordnetze, in automotive and machine terminology, refers to the on-board electrical network that distributes power and controls electrical and electronic systems within a vehicle or device. In passenger cars, the low-voltage Bordnetz typically operates at 12 volts and includes the battery, alternator, starter, wiring harnesses, fuses, relays, power distribution units, and grounding points. Modern vehicles increasingly use a zonal or modular electrical architecture, with local domains connected by bus systems such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, or Ethernet, while still maintaining a central power distribution concept.

In electric and hybrid vehicles, the term also covers high-voltage Bordnetz components. These systems separate the high-voltage network (with a traction battery, high-voltage cables, DC-DC converters, and safety interlocks) from the conventional 12V network, providing energy for propulsion and auxiliary functions while incorporating strict safety measures.

Key design goals of a Bordnetz are reliability, fault isolation, and safe shutdown in abnormal conditions. Protective devices such as fuses, fusible links, and circuit breakers guard circuits against overloads. Robust insulation, moisture control, and shielding against electromagnetic interference are important for long-term operation. Regular diagnostics, corrosion prevention, and proper routing of cables help maintain system performance. When faults occur, diagnosis typically relies on onboard diagnostics and specialized service equipment; some issues require component replacement or reconfiguration of the electrical architecture.

The term Bordnetz is commonly used in German-language technical literature to describe a vehicle’s internal electrical system. In English-language contexts, it is often referred to as the on-board electrical system or electrical network.