Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae is a historical or semi-empirically used name for a group of tropical flowering trees that, in many modern classifications, are placed within Malvaceae. The group was named after Bombax and has included several large trees that produce substantial seed fibers known as kapok. Members were traditionally characterized by tall, often buttressed trunks, large showy flowers with numerous stamens, and fruits that release fluffy fibers.

Taxonomy and status: In contemporary systems based on molecular data, Bombacaceae is generally not recognized as a separate family. Its genera are typically included in Malvaceae, often as the subfamily Bombacoideae or a closely related lineage. Genera commonly associated with Bombacaceae include Adansonia (baobabs), Ceiba, Bombax, Pseudobombax, and Pachira. The group includes some of the largest tropical trees and has historically been important for various local uses and ecosystems.

Morphology and ecology: Leaves are often palmately compound or deeply lobed; many species shed leaves seasonally. Flowers are typically large and conspicuous, with a central mass of fused stamens forming a brush-like column. The fruit is usually a capsule containing seeds with silky or cottony fibers for wind dispersal. Kapok fiber has been used for stuffing and insulation, though production has declined in many places.

Distribution and uses: Bombacaceae taxa are native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with notable centers of diversity in Africa and the Neotropics. Baobabs (Adansonia) are iconic in Africa and Madagascar. Beyond kapok, some species provide timber or edible fruits, while other uses are largely traditional or ornamental.