Baobabs

Baobabs are trees in the genus Adansonia, a group of large, deciduous trees native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, and Australia. They are best known for their massive, bottle-shaped trunks, which store water to help survive long dry seasons. Leaves are often palmately compound, and many species lose their leaves during the dry season. Flowers are produced at night or twilight and are pollinated by bats, moths, and, in Madagascar, sometimes lemurs. The fruit is an oval capsule with a fibrous pulp and numerous seeds; the pulp is edible and rich in vitamin C, and seeds can be roasted or ground.

Distribution and species: The African baobab (A. digitata) is the most widespread species in Africa, while Madagascar and Australia host several distinct Adansonia species. The genus comprises eight species in total, though taxonomic distinctions vary by source.

Ecology and lifespan: Baobabs can live for many centuries; some individuals are believed to be thousands of years old. They provide shelter for birds and mammals and can influence local microclimates by shading and reducing water loss from the soil.

Uses and cultural significance: The fruit pulp, leaves, and seeds are used for food and beverages, and the bark yields strong fiber used for rope and cloth. In many cultures baobabs are symbols of longevity, fertility, and community gathering places, and they appear in folklore and art.

Conservation: Some Madagascar species are threatened by habitat loss, overharvesting, and climate change. Protected populations and sustainable harvesting efforts help conserve wild stands, while many baobabs remain important cultural and ecological resources.