BiPAPlaitteisiin

BiPAP devices, short for bilevel positive airway pressure devices, are a form of noninvasive ventilation that deliver two preset airway pressures through a mask or similar interface. They provide a higher pressure during inhalation (IPAP) and a lower pressure during exhalation (EPAP). This contrasts with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which maintains one constant pressure and can be less tolerable for some patients.

BiPAP support is used for several conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea with hypoventilation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with hypoventilation or respiratory failure, neuromuscular disorders, and obesity-related hypoventilation. It may be prescribed for acute respiratory failure in hospital settings or for chronic home use, sometimes alongside supplemental oxygen.

The devices comprise a compact machine, tubing, and a mask or nasal prongs. Clinicians choose IPAP and EPAP values based on the patient’s needs, with common ranges often starting around IPAP 8–20 cm H2O and EPAP 4–6 cm H2O. Some models offer automatic adjustment (auto-BiPAP), spontaneous or timed operation modes, ramping, and integrated humidification. Oxygen can be blended into the circuit if required.

Initiation and ongoing use require medical supervision to ensure effective ventilation and to monitor for complications. Potential side effects include mask leaks, skin irritation, nasal dryness, and aerophagia. BiPAP is contraindicated in patients who cannot protect their airway or cooperate with the mask, or in those with certain facial injuries.

BiPAP technology has become common in both hospital and home care settings since its introduction as an alternative to invasive ventilation.