Bezicni

Bezicni is an umbrella term used in South Slavic languages to describe technology and devices that communicate without physical cables. In English, it corresponds to the term wireless. In practice, bezicni systems transmit data via electromagnetic waves, including radio waves and infrared, enabling networks, peripherals, and remote sensing without wires.

Etymology: The word is derived from bez-, meaning without, and the adjectival suffix icni. The proper orthography in Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian is bežični; bezicni is a common ASCII rendering. The term is used to describe a broad set of technologies rather than a single standard.

Applications and standards: Bežični technologies are used in home networks, mobile devices, automotive systems, and industrial equipment. Key standards include Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4), and cellular networks such as 4G and 5G. Other forms include near-field communication (NFC) and satellite links, which operate in different frequency ranges and with varying latency and bandwidth.

Technical characteristics: Bezicni systems rely on radio frequency bands and sometimes infrared or ultrasonic links. Range varies from centimeters to kilometers; data rates range from kilobits per second to gigabits per second depending on technology. Security relies on encryption, authentication, and privacy protections; interference, congestion, and regulatory constraints are common considerations.

History and impact: Wireless communication predates modern digital networks, but widespread bezicni networking expanded with the standardization of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in the 1990s and 2000s. Today, bezicni technologies underpin smartphones, home automation, IoT, and vehicle connectivity, shaping how devices interact without cables.