Beliz

Beliz is a sovereign island nation and archipelago east of the continental mainland. It comprises seven inhabited islands and numerous islets, with Port Vela as capital on the largest island, Montara. The country has biodiversity and a coastal economy oriented toward tourism, fishing, and agriculture.

Geography: Montara is volcanic, with a mountainous interior that rises to Pajara Peak. Rainforests cover much of the land inland, while mangroves and coral reefs line the coast. A barrier reef runs along the eastern shores, attracting divers and researchers. The climate is tropical, with a wet season from May to November and a dry season otherwise.

History: Long inhabited by Maya-descended communities, Beliz was notable for early seafaring trade. It was later settled by a maritime republic and achieved full sovereignty in 1999, establishing a republican constitution in 2004.

Government: Beliz operates as a parliamentary republic. The President is the ceremonial head of state; the Prime Minister is the head of government, leading a cabinet drawn from the National Assembly, which has 60 seats elected by proportional representation. The judiciary is independent.

Economy: The economy emphasizes sustainable tourism, especially ecotourism and reef-related activities, plus fishing and cacao and tropical fruits. The Belizan dollar (BD) is the currency. The country pursues renewable energy, with solar and wind installations.

Demographics and culture: Population around 1.9 million; diverse ethnic composition: Belizi, Afro-Belizians, Mestizos, and Indigenous groups. Official language is Belizan; English is widely used; Spanish and Creole common. Cultural life features music, dance, and festivals such as the Festival of Lanterns. Cuisine highlights seafood, maize, and pepper sauces.

Infrastructure and society: Education is universal; literacy high; health care is universal. Transportation includes international airport, major seaports, and a network of highways by island. Protected areas cover large portions of land and sea, reflecting conservation priorities.