Transportation

Transportation is the movement of people, goods, and information from one location to another, enabled by vehicles, infrastructure, and management systems. It encompasses a range of modes and networks that connect communities, support commerce, and enable daily life.

Land transportation uses roads and highways with cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and bicycles. Rail transport operates on dedicated tracks for passengers and freight. Maritime transport moves ships and boats, including containers and bulk cargo. Air transport covers passenger travel and cargo. Pipelines carry liquids and gases over long distances.

Infrastructure includes roads, bridges, ports, airports, railways, terminals, and control systems. Planning integrates land use, safety standards, financing, and regulations to ensure reliability, efficiency, and resilience.

Historically, transportation evolved from walking and animal power to canals, railways, aviation, and modern logistics. Key innovations—containerization, rail electrification, air traffic control, and digital routing—have expanded trade, reduced travel times, and reshaped settlement patterns.

Economically, transport enables markets, labor mobility, and global supply chains. Environmentally, it influences energy consumption, emissions, and resource use. Policy aims to improve efficiency, expand access, reduce environmental impact, and safeguard safety.

Current trends include electrification and renewable energy integration, automated vehicles and ships, multimodal and last-mile logistics, and smart infrastructure that uses data to optimize routes, pricing, and service quality. Urban planning increasingly emphasizes sustainable and accessible transport options.