Banglades

Banglades, officially the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India to the west, north, and east, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south. Its capital and largest city is Dhaka. With a population exceeding 170 million, it is one of the most densely populated nations, and it covers about 148,000 square kilometers.

Geography and environment: Bangladesh lies in the fertile delta formed by the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna rivers. The Sundarbans mangrove forest is a notable feature. The country is largely low-lying and is highly vulnerable to cyclones and flooding. The climate is tropical monsoon, with a hot, wet season and a relatively cooler dry season.

History: The region is part of the historic Bengal. In 1971, following a Liberation War, Bangladesh achieved independence from Pakistan. A constitution established a parliamentary democracy in the early 1970s, and elections have been held regularly since the restoration of multi-party politics in the 1990s.

Government: Bangladesh has a parliamentary democracy. The president is largely ceremonial, while the prime minister is the head of government. It has a unicameral legislature, the Jatiya Sangsad, with members elected for five-year terms.

Economy: The economy is driven by the garment industry, which accounts for a large share of exports. Agriculture remains important, especially rice and jute, alongside growing services and manufacturing. The country has posted solid growth but remains vulnerable to climate-related shocks and external risks.

Society and culture: Bengali is the official language and script (Bengali). Islam is the predominant religion, with Hindu and other minority communities. The culture features a rich literary and musical heritage, with festivals such as Pahela Baishakh and the Eids.

Issues and development: Poverty reduction, education, healthcare improvements; climate change impacts; urbanization and infrastructure development.