Baldosas

Baldosas are flat, typically square or rectangular units used to cover surfaces such as floors, walls, and pavements. Made from a variety of materials—ceramic, porcelain, stone, glass, metal or polymer—baldosas combine durability, resistance to moisture, and aesthetic versatility, making them common in residential, commercial and public spaces.

Historically, tile production dates to ancient civilizations, with early examples in Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Roman Empire. The term “baldosa” entered the Spanish language in the Middle Ages, referring originally to stone slabs used in paving. The industrial revolution introduced mass‑produced ceramic and porcelain tiles, expanding their availability and range of designs.

Modern manufacturing employs processes such as pressing, drying, glazing and high‑temperature firing. Porcelain baldosas are fired at higher temperatures, resulting in lower water absorption and greater strength compared to ordinary ceramic tiles. Natural stone baldosas, including marble, granite and limestone, are cut from quarried blocks and may be polished or honed.

Installation typically involves preparing a level substrate, applying adhesive, and arranging the tiles according to a chosen pattern. Grouting fills the joints, providing stability and sealing against moisture. Standards governing dimensions, slip resistance and fire performance vary by region; in the European Union, EN 14411 specifies technical requirements for ceramic tiles.

Baldosas serve functional purposes—protecting structures, facilitating cleaning and enhancing safety—and decorative roles, offering endless possibilities in color, texture and layout to suit architectural styles.