Baiona

Baiona is a municipality located in the province of Pontevedra, part of the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It lies on the Atlantic coast, overlooking the Adia River mouth, and is situated approximately 140 kilometres west of the capital city, Santiago de Compostela. The town's strategic position along the migration routes of marine turtles and its deep natural harbour have made it an important maritime centre since antiquity.

The history of Baiona dates back to Roman times, when it was known as Formigosa. During the Middle Ages, the town grew as a fortified settlement. In the 19th century, Baiona became a key point for the transatlantic passport through its docks, serving migrants bound for the Americas. The 20th century saw development of the maritime industry, particularly fishing and shipbuilding, which remain significant economic activities today, alongside tourism.

Baiona’s most notable landmark is the Fort of the Six Walls, a 17th‑century defensive structure built to protect the harbour. The town still retains its original brown earthen walls and a historic parish church dedicated to St. Peter. The surrounding coastline features a network of small coves and rock promontories, including the Cova da Mal Huerta, a long cave that has been used for both protection and maritime lookout. The natural environment supports migratory birds and is popular for scuba diving, especially snorkeling with colony of green sea turtles in the summer months.

The local economy combines traditional fisheries, local cooperatives producing fish products, and a growing service sector focused on hospitality. Cultural life includes annual festivals such as the Feast of San Martín and the Fiestas de la San Judas, which showcase Galician music, dance, and cuisine. Baiona’s blend of historical heritage and natural maritime setting continues to attract visitors from across the region and beyond.