Atseetüülsalitsüülhape

Atseetüülsalitsüülhape, commonly known as aspirin, is a widely used medication that belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Its primary functions include relieving pain, reducing fever, and decreasing inflammation. In lower doses, it is also used to prevent blood clots, making it beneficial in the management of cardiovascular conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.

The compound was first synthesized in 1853 by Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, though its medicinal properties were more thoroughly investigated and popularized by Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in 1897. The synthesis involves acetylating salicylic acid, which is derived from willow bark, a natural source historically used for pain relief.

Atseetüülsalitsüülhape works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that mediate pain, fever, and inflammation. By blocking COX enzymes, aspirin reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby alleviating these symptoms.

While generally safe and effective, atseetüülsalitsüülhape can cause side effects. These may include gastrointestinal issues such as stomach upset, heartburn, and ulcers, particularly with long-term use or higher doses. It can also increase the risk of bleeding. Contraindications for its use include allergies to aspirin or other NSAIDs, certain bleeding disorders, and in children and teenagers, due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition affecting the brain and liver.