Atriplex

Atriplex is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, commonly known as saltbush or orache. The genus comprises numerous species of shrubs, subshrubs, and herbaceous plants distributed across temperate and subtropical regions, with many adapted to saline or drought-prone environments.

Description and biology: Members of Atriplex often have flexible growth forms, from low shrubs to taller woody plants. Leaves frequently vary in shape and may bear salt-excreting glands on their surfaces. Flowers are small and typically inconspicuous, with fruits that are dry and diminutive. The plants are generally tolerant of harsh conditions, including high soil salinity.

Taxonomy: The genus belongs to Amaranthaceae, within the subfamily Chenopodioideae. It was formerly placed in the now obsolete Chenopodiaceae. Classification has been refined as molecular studies clarified relationships within Amaranthaceae.

Ecology and distribution: Atriplex species are common halophytes found in coastal, desert, and saline inland habitats. They contribute to soil stabilization and provide forage for wildlife and, in some cases, livestock. Some species are used in land rehabilitation and erosion control due to their drought and salt tolerance.

Selected species and uses: Atriplex hortensis, the garden orache, is cultivated for leaves as a vegetable in some cultures. Atriplex canescens, the four-wing saltbush, is widespread in North America and used for forage and habitat. Atriplex halimus, the Mediterranean saltbush, is grown for fodder and ornamental purposes. Atriplex semibaccata is used as fodder in parts of Australia. Overall, many Atriplex species are valued for their adaptive traits in marginal soils.