saltbush

Saltbush is a common name for shrubs in the genus Atriplex, a group of halophytes adapted to saline or drought-prone environments. They belong to the Amaranthaceae family and occur in many regions of the world. They are valued for ecological roles in arid landscapes and as fodder.

Taxonomy and naming: The genus includes many species known as saltbush, such as Atriplex nummularia (old man saltbush), Atriplex halimus (Mediterranean saltbush), and Atriplex canescens (four-wing saltbush). The group was formerly placed in Chenopodiaceae; it is now in Amaranthaceae. Common names can vary by region and species.

Description: Saltbushes are shrubs or small trees with gray-green leaves often coated in a mealy bloom. Leaf shape and size vary between species. Flowers are small and inconspicuous, produced in dense clusters; fruits are dry capsules that persist on the plant.

Habitat and distribution: They tolerate saline soils and drought, growing in coastal dunes, inland salt flats, and arid regions. They are widespread across multiple continents, with numerous species adapted to local climates and soil conditions.

Ecology and physiology: Salt tolerance is aided by leaf salt glands and, in some species, partial succulence. They can resprout after drought or fire and often form extensive root systems. They provide browse for livestock and wildlife and help stabilize soils, contributing to erosion control and vegetation structure in harsh environments.

Uses and management: In rangeland systems, saltbushes are used as fodder and shelterbelts; they are planted for soil stabilization and reclamation of saline land. Some species are used ornamentally in drought-tolerant landscapes. Caution: salinity and nutritional content vary by species.