saltbushes

Saltbushes are shrubs that belong primarily to the genus Atriplex in the family Amaranthaceae; related species in other genera within the same group are also commonly referred to as saltbush. They are salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) native to arid and semi-arid regions across Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas.

Typically evergreen or semi-evergreen, saltbushes have gray-green or silvery leaves that reduce water loss. Many species possess salt glands on leaf surfaces that excrete excess salt. Leaves can be simple and vary in shape, and some plants bear inconspicuous flowers in clusters followed by small seeds adapted to dry conditions.

Ecologically, saltbushes are well suited to saline or degraded soils and disturbed lands. They stabilize soils, provide ground cover, and serve as forage for livestock in dry seasons. Old Man Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) is widely used in Australia as drought- and salt-tolerant pasture, while other species are used for windbreaks and erosion control.

Humans have utilized some saltbushes as leafy vegetables in certain cultures; species such as Atriplex hortensis have been cultivated for edible leaves. In landscape horticulture, saltbushes are planted for drought tolerance and ornamental value in saline or sandy soils. Some introduced species act as invasive in certain regions, so establishment and monitoring are advised.

Notable species include Old Man Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia), Mediterranean Saltbush (Atriplex halimus), and Four-wing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens).