Asperger

Asperger syndrome is a former diagnostic label for a developmental condition on the autism spectrum characterized by persistent difficulties with social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests, along with typical intelligence and language development. The term honors Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician who described the pattern in the 1940s. In the DSM-IV and ICD-10, Asperger's Disorder was listed as a separate diagnosis. With the DSM-5, Asperger syndrome was integrated into Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is now subsumed under ASD; some people and clinicians still use the term descriptively or in regions that retain older criteria.

Common features include difficulties in social communication and social interaction, such as trouble interpreting nonverbal cues, forming and maintaining relationships, and understanding social context. Individuals typically exhibit restricted and repetitive interests and behaviors and may prefer routines or possess intense focuses on specific topics. Unlike some other forms of autism, significant language or cognitive delays are not characteristic, and many individuals have average or above-average intelligence. Sensory sensitivities are common.

Diagnosis is based on developmental history and clinical observation, assessed by a multidisciplinary team. There is no biological or laboratory test for Asperger syndrome per se; the diagnosis is now subsumed under ASD. Treatments emphasize supports that enhance adaptive functioning, including social skills training, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral interventions, and educational accommodations. Some individuals may receive medication to treat co-occurring conditions such as anxiety, ADHD, or mood disorders.

The name Asperger's remains in use informally among many people who identify with the pattern, particularly adults diagnosed before DSM-5 or in regions that retain older terminology. The association with Hans Asperger's activities during the Nazi era has prompted scholarly debate and led to renewed caution in naming.