Ascaridiasis

Ascaridiasis is a widespread intestinal roundworm infection caused by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. This parasitic disease affects humans and is transmitted through the ingestion of infective eggs. These eggs are typically found in soil contaminated with human feces, often in areas with poor sanitation. Once ingested, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall, and migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs. They then travel up the respiratory tract, are swallowed, and mature into adult worms in the small intestine.

The adult worms can grow up to 35 cm long and live in the intestine for one to two years, feeding on partially digested food. Many infections are asymptomatic, especially those with a low worm burden. However, heavier infections can lead to a range of symptoms. During the larval migration phase, symptoms may include cough, wheezing, and fever, resembling pneumonia. Once the adult worms are established, symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and malnutrition. In severe cases, a heavy worm infestation can cause intestinal obstruction, a life-threatening condition.

Diagnosis is usually made by identifying Ascaris eggs in stool samples. Treatment involves antiparasitic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which are highly effective. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation, practicing good hygiene such as regular handwashing, and thorough cooking of food to kill any potential eggs. Public health initiatives targeting mass deworming in endemic areas are crucial for reducing the prevalence of ascariasis.