worm

A worm is a type of software that can replicate itself and spread to other computers or devices over a network. Unlike viruses, worms do not need to attach themselves to a host program or file to spread. They exploit vulnerabilities in software or operating systems to propagate. Worms can cause significant damage by consuming network bandwidth, overloading servers, and exploiting security weaknesses. Notable examples include the Morris Worm, which caused widespread disruption in 1988, and the Conficker worm, which infected millions of computers worldwide in 2008.

Worms can be classified into several types based on their behavior and purpose. File-infecting worms spread by attaching themselves to executable files and spreading when those files are shared or executed. Mass-mailing worms exploit email systems to send copies of themselves to addresses found in the infected computer's address book. Network worms exploit vulnerabilities in network services to spread. Polymorphic worms change their code with each infection to avoid detection by antivirus software.

Preventing worm infections involves maintaining up-to-date software and security patches, using antivirus and anti-malware software, and practicing good cybersecurity hygiene, such as avoiding suspicious emails and downloads. Organizations can also implement network segmentation and monitoring to detect and mitigate worm activity.