Artériopathie

Artériopathie is a general term referring to diseases of the arteries. It encompasses a variety of conditions that affect the structure and function of the arterial walls, leading to impaired blood flow. The most common form is atherosclerosis, a progressive condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries. This plaque, composed of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, can harden and narrow the arteries, a process known as stenosis. If the plaque ruptures, it can trigger the formation of a blood clot, which can further obstruct blood flow or break off and travel to other parts of the body, causing a stroke or heart attack.

Other types of artériopathie include arteritis, which is inflammation of the artery walls, and aneurysms, which are bulges or weakening in the arterial wall that can rupture. Risk factors for developing artériopathie include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Age and a family history of cardiovascular disease also increase susceptibility.

The symptoms of artériopathie depend on the location and severity of the arterial damage. Common symptoms include pain, cramping, or numbness in the affected limbs, particularly during exercise (claudication). In more severe cases, it can lead to non-healing wounds, skin discoloration, and gangrene. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as ultrasound, angiography, or CT scans. Treatment aims to manage risk factors, slow disease progression, and restore blood flow, often involving lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, stenting, or surgery.