Arpeggien

Arpeggien, or arpeggios, are a musical technique in which the notes of a chord are played in sequence rather than simultaneously. The notes are typically sounded from lowest to highest, creating a rapid, harp-like spread; composers may also use different directions for expressive purposes.

Origin and terminology: The term arpeggio comes from the Italian arpa, meaning harp. The idea of breaking chords into successive tones has been used since the Baroque period and became a standard tool across keyboard, strings, guitar, and contemporary electronics.

Notation and performance: In written music, an arpeggiation sign—a vertical wavy line placed before a chord—indicates that the chord should be rolled rather than struck all at once. The exact spread and tempo are left to the performer, allowing variation in rhythm, dynamic, and articulation. On instruments like the guitar or piano, arpeggios are often practiced as patterns or shapes that outline a chord’s tones.

Types and applications: Triadic arpeggios (three-note chords) are the most common, but seventh chords and extended harmonies are frequently arpeggiated as well. In classical music, arpeggios support accompaniment and melodic line construction; in jazz, players use arpeggios to outline harmony and improvise over chord changes. Modern keyboards and software employ arpeggiation as a programmable feature, generating repeating patterns from a given chord or scale.

See also: arpeggiator, arpeggiated chord.