Arisaema

Arisaema is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family (Araceae). Commonly known as jack-in-the-pulpit or cobra lilies, the genus comprises about 150 species native to woodland regions of Asia and North America. They are herbaceous perennials that grow from tuberous rhizomes and typically emerge in spring.

The most distinctive feature is the inflorescence: a spadix surrounded by a hooded spathe, which gives the impression of a figure emerging from a pulpit—hence jack-in-the-pulpit. Leaves are usually 1–3 pinnate with several leaflets, appearing with or shortly after flowering. Flowers are followed by a cluster of bright red berries in late summer or autumn, which persist into winter in some species. The plants prefer moist, well-drained soils in shaded or semi-shaded woodland habitats; some species tolerate higher elevations and tropical climates.

Pollination is mainly by small flies attracted by the scent and the enclosed structure; the spathe can temporarily trap insects to promote pollination.

All parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals and are toxic if ingested, making them a common ornamental hazard for pets and children.

Cultivation and propagation: Arisaema are popular in shade gardens for their architectural form. They require partial shade, regular moisture, and a period of winter dormancy in temperate regions. They can be propagated by seed (often requiring stratification) or by division of tubers or rhizomes. Notable species include Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) and ornamental cultivars such as Arisaema sikokianum (Japanese cobra lily).