Aorttaläppävuoto

Aorttaläppävuoto, also known as aortic regurgitation or aortic insufficiency, is a heart condition where the aortic valve does not close properly. This allows blood to leak backward from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. The aortic valve is one of the four valves in the heart that control blood flow. It is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Causes of aorttaläppävuoto can be congenital or acquired. Congenital causes include a bicuspid aortic valve, which is a valve with two leaflets instead of the usual three. Acquired causes are more common and can include rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, hypertension, aortic dissection, and connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome. Degenerative changes associated with aging can also lead to the condition.

Symptoms of aorttaläppävuoto can vary depending on the severity and the rate of onset. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. More severe or rapidly developing regurgitation can cause shortness of breath, particularly with exertion, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, and a feeling of a pounding heartbeat. Swollen ankles and feet can also occur due to fluid buildup.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, listening for a characteristic murmur with a stethoscope, and imaging tests. Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool, providing detailed images of the valve and blood flow. Other tests may include chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and cardiac MRI or CT scan.

Treatment depends on the severity and symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with regular monitoring. Medications may be used to control blood pressure and reduce the heart's workload. Severe aorttaläppävuoto often requires surgical intervention, typically aortic valve repair or replacement. The prognosis after successful treatment is generally good.