Aortoiliac

Aortoiliac refers to the anatomical region encompassing the abdominal aorta and its bifurcation into the common iliac arteries, as well as the common iliac arteries themselves and their further branches. This critical vascular territory is responsible for supplying blood to the lower extremities, pelvic organs, and abdominal wall.

Conditions affecting the aortoiliac segment are common, particularly in older individuals and those with risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque within the arteries, is the primary cause of disease in this region. This can lead to aortoiliac occlusive disease, where the arteries become narrowed or blocked, impairing blood flow.

Symptoms of aortoiliac disease can vary depending on the severity of the blockage. These may include intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the buttocks, thighs, or calves during exercise that resolves with rest. Other symptoms can include rest pain, non-healing ulcers on the feet or toes, and coldness or numbness in the lower extremities. In severe cases, it can lead to critical limb ischemia.

Diagnosis of aortoiliac disease typically involves a physical examination, followed by imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Angiography, a more invasive procedure, may also be performed to visualize the arteries and assess the extent of disease.

Treatment options for aortoiliac disease depend on the individual patient's condition and the severity of the arterial blockage. They can range from lifestyle modifications and medical management to surgical or endovascular interventions. Endovascular procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting, are often favored for less complex blockages due to their minimally invasive nature. Surgical options, like bypass grafting, may be necessary for more extensive or complex disease.