Antigripales

Antigripales are over-the-counter medicines designed to relieve multiple symptoms associated with upper respiratory infections, such as fever, aches, nasal congestion, cough, and sore throat. They are not cures for influenza or the common cold, but are intended to improve comfort during illness.

Most antigripales are multi-ingredient products. Common components include an analgesic/antipyretic such as acetaminophen (paracetamol); a decongestant such as phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine; an antihistamine to reduce runny nose and sneezing; and a cough suppressant (dextromethorphan) or an expectorant (guaifenesin). Some formulations may include caffeine. In some markets, codeine-containing preparations are available, often by prescription or with tighter controls. Ingredients and combinations vary by country and brand.

Use and safety: these medicines aim to relieve symptoms rather than shorten illness. Read the label for exact dosing and avoid taking more than one product with the same active ingredients. Potential side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, and increased heart rate. Alcohol can amplify some effects. They should be used with caution in certain groups (such as young children, pregnant or nursing people) and by individuals with conditions like high blood pressure, glaucoma, liver disease, or severe asthma. Acetaminophen overdose is a major risk; do not exceed the recommended daily limit and be mindful of products that contain it.

Regulation and availability: in many countries they are sold OTC, though some ingredients (notably pseudoephedrine) may be restricted. If symptoms worsen or persist beyond a few days, or if there are chronic health issues or other medications involved, consult a healthcare professional.