Antigénantests

Antigénantests, often referred to as antigen tests, are a type of diagnostic test used to detect the presence of specific viral or bacterial antigens, which are proteins or molecules found on the surface of a pathogen. These tests are commonly employed in the rapid detection of infectious diseases, most notably for respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

The principle behind an antigénantest involves using antibodies that are designed to bind specifically to the target antigen. When a sample, such as a nasal swab or throat swab, is collected and applied to the test device, the antigens present in the sample will react with these antibodies. This reaction often results in a visible change, typically a colored line appearing on a test strip, indicating a positive result.

Antigénantests are known for their speed, providing results within minutes to a few hours, which makes them valuable for quick screening in various settings, including homes, clinics, and public spaces. However, compared to more sensitive laboratory tests like PCR (polymerase chain reaction), antigénantests may have lower sensitivity, meaning they can sometimes produce false-negative results, especially in individuals with low viral loads. Conversely, false positives can also occur, though they are generally less common.

The accuracy and reliability of antigénantests can vary depending on the specific test, the manufacturer, and the stage of infection. They are generally most effective when viral loads are high. Despite potential limitations in sensitivity, their ease of use and rapid turnaround time make them an important tool in managing the spread of infectious diseases, allowing for prompt isolation and treatment.