Antarkelompok

Antarkelompok is a term used in sociology, psychology, and political science to describe the relations, interactions, and structures that exist between distinct groups within a society or organization. The word stems from antar- meaning between and kelompok meaning group in Indonesian, and it is used to analyze how group identities form, how boundaries are drawn, and how cooperation or conflict emerges across group lines. Antarkelompok can involve ethnic, religious, linguistic, political, organizational, or other classifications.

Key dynamics include in-group favoritism, out-group stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, competition for resources, and opportunities for cooperation. The field draws on theories such as social identity theory, which explains how people’s sense of belonging to a group influences attitudes toward others; realistic conflict theory, which links resource competition to intergroup hostility; and the intergroup contact hypothesis, which argues that under certain conditions, increased contact between groups reduces prejudice. Other perspectives include intergroup emotion theory and social dominance theory.

Research methods commonly used include surveys, experiments, content analysis, and ethnography, often focusing on how policies, institutions, media, and education shape intergroup relations. Applications span conflict prevention and resolution, integration of migrants, diversity management in organizations, and the design of inclusive public policy.

See also intergroup contact, social identity, prejudice, discrimination, conflict resolution. Prominent scholars associated with these ideas include Allport, Tajfel and Turner, and Sherif, among others.