Anabole

Anabole refers to the set of anabolic biological processes that build larger molecules or tissues from smaller components, typically requiring energy. The term is often used in contrast to catabolic processes, which break down molecules to release energy. Etymologically, it derives from Greek roots ana- meaning up or again and ballein meaning to throw or build.

In humans and other organisms, anabolic activity includes protein synthesis, DNA replication for growth, lipid synthesis, and glycogen storage. These processes are essential for development, tissue repair, and the maintenance of body mass. Hormonal regulation is a key driver, with signals from growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, and sex steroids promoting anabolic pathways. Signaling networks such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AKT/PI3K coordinate nutrient availability, energy status, and biosynthetic output to support tissue growth.

Anabolic processes are particularly important during infancy and adolescence, in wound healing, and for maintaining muscle and bone mass. They can be impaired in disease states that cause catabolism or energy deficiency, leading to reduced tissue synthesis and wasting.

In medicine and sports, anabolic therapies and agents—ranging from growth-promoting hormones to anabolic steroids—are used under strict regulation due to potential adverse effects, including liver and cardiovascular risks, hormonal imbalance, and behavioral changes.