Ammoniakwasser

Ammoniakwasser, also known as ammonia water or ammonium hydroxide, is a solution of ammonia (NH3) in water. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor. The concentration of ammonia in ammonia water can vary, but it is typically around 25% to 30% by weight. This solution is commonly used in various industrial and household applications due to its alkaline properties and its ability to neutralize acids.

In industrial settings, ammonia water is used in the production of fertilizers, textiles, and refrigerants. It is also employed in cleaning and disinfecting solutions, as well as in the treatment of wastewater. In households, ammonia water is often used as a general household cleaner and a disinfectant for surfaces. It is also used in the preparation of household cleaning solutions, such as glass cleaners and all-purpose cleaners.

Ammonia water is prepared by dissolving ammonia gas in water. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The solution is stable at room temperature but can decompose when exposed to high temperatures or strong oxidizing agents. It is important to handle ammonia water with care, as it can cause skin and eye irritation, and inhalation of the fumes can be harmful.

The pH of ammonia water is typically between 10 and 11, making it a strong base. It reacts with acids to form ammonium salts. For example, when ammonia water reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms ammonium chloride. This reaction is often used in the laboratory to demonstrate the neutralization of acids and bases.